Immuno Oncology Agents for Cancer Therapy

Dasari Sravani*, C. Madhavi Latha
Pharm.D 4^th year, Swathi College of Pharmacy, Venkatachalem, Nellore, A.P
Professor, Swathi College of Pharmacy, Venkatachalem, Nellore, A.P

A B S T R A C T
The immune system consists of a complex process in body fight against cancer. This process involves cells, organs, and proteins. Cancer can commonly get around many of the immune system’s natural defenses, allowing cancer cells to continue to grow. Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment. It uses substances made by the body or in a laboratory to boost the immune system and help the body find and destroy cancer cells. Immunotherapy can treat many different types of cancer. It can be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy and/or other cancer treatments. When the immune system detects something harmful, it makes antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that fight infection by attaching to antigens. Antigens are molecules that start the immune response in body. Monoclonal antibodies can help fight cancer in different ways. For example, they can be used to block the activity of abnormal proteins in cancer cells. This is also considered a type of targeted therapy, which is a cancer treatment using medication that targets a cancer’s specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that helps the tumor grow and survive. Other types of monoclonal antibodies boost your immune system by inhibiting or stopping immune checkpoints. Cancer cells can find ways to hide from the immune system by activating these checkpoints. Checkpoint inhibitors prevent cancer cells from blocking the immune system. Common checkpoints that these inhibitors affect are the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. Different types of immunotherapy work in different ways. The immunotherapy treatments can help the immune system to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells.
Keywords: Immune system, Monoclonal antibodies, Cancer cells, Immunotherapy.