Pharmacognostical, Micromeretic Parameters and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Eugenia Jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae) Seed

Amit Agrawal¹*, Ameeta Argal^2 
1Research Scholar, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research Center, Bhagwant   University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305004
²Professor, TIT College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India-462042

Abstract
Medicinal plants have been the subject of intense research due to their potential as sources of commercial drugs or as lead compounds in drug development Herbal medicines are promising choice over modern synthetic drugs. The Eugenia jambolana Lam commonly known as Jamun belonging to Family Myrtaceae (called black plum in English and Jamun in Hindi in India)  & original home of jamun is India, in forest up to 1800m usually along the bank and moist localities. It is a large evergreen tree, up to 30m high and widely distributed throughout India, Ceylon-Malaya and Australia. The seeds are sweet, astringent to bowels and good for diabetes. Seed of Eugenia jambolana Lam contain glycosides, a trace of pale yellow essential oil, fat, resin, albumin and chlorophyll, an alkaloid- jambosine3, Gallic acid, ellagic acid. it is used in the treatment of liver tonic, enriches blood, strengthens teeth and gums and forms good lotion for removing ringworm infection of the head. Its bark is acrid, sweet, digestive, astringent to the bowels, anthelmintic and in good for sore throat, bronchitis, asthma, thirst, biliousness, dysentery, blood impurities and to cure. The present study shows the pharmacognostical ,preliminary phytochemical screening and Micromeretics properties of Eugenia jambolana Lam. Seed. Macroscopic properties shows its 1-2cm dimeter, oval shape, cream in colure ,characteristic odour and astringent taste .Microscopy of seeds reveals the presence of parenchymatous cells, epidermal cells, endosperm containing of oil globules with calcium oxalate crystals. Preliminary phytochemical examination of extracts of Eugenia jambolana Lam. Seed shows the presence of Glycosides, Alkaloids, Protein & Amino acid, Tannins & Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids, and Steriods & Triterpenoids. Physicochemical Properties of seed like foreign organic matter (1.31%), total ash (8.40% w/w), acid insoluble ash (1.20% w/w) water soluble ash (3.20% w/w) Moisture content (4.51%) and Swelling index (4.28%) were found. Alcohol soluble extractive (14.94%), Water Soluble extractive values (22.20%) and pet-ether extractive values (27.30%) were found respectively. Micromeretic parameters were also determined and angle of repose (30.96), bulk density (0.54) and tapped density (0.65) were found respectively. In these present investigations, various pharmacognostical standization parameters such as macroscopy, microscopy, micrometrics properties and preliminary phytochemical screening were carried out which could be helpful in authentification Eugenia jambolana Lam. Seed. The result of the present study will also serve as reference material in the preparation of herbal monograph.
Key words: Triterpenoids, Steriods, Flavonoids, Eugenia jambolana Lam. Seed, Myrtaceae.