Augmentative probable impact of Atrazine and Ubiquitous persistent on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms

K.R.T Asha¹, S. Roselin Kantida² and S. Sujatha*^{3                                                                                             
1}Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts and Science College, Paramakudi-623707, India
²Interdisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariaigir, Kaliakkavilai -629153, India
³ICBM, Malankara Catholic College, Mariaigir, Kaliakkavilai, Kanyakumari -629153, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract
Atrazine is the common name for an herbicide that is widely used to kill weeds. It is used mostly on farms. Pure atrazine-an odorless, white powder-is not very volatile, reactive, or flammable. It will dissolve in water but it does not occur naturally. Atrazine is used on crops such as sugarcane, corn, pineapples, sorghum, and macadamia nuts, and on evergreen tree farms and for evergreen forest regrowth. Atrazine is moderately toxic to slightly toxic to most fish species, and somewhat less toxic to aquatic invertebrates also this herbicide is highly toxic to aquatic vascular plants and algae. Atrazine was first released for experiment station evaluations in 1957 and became commercially available in 1958. Intensification of agriculture and the corresponding increase in herbicide use has led to concern regarding the effects these chemicals may have on non target plants of agroeco systems. Current pesticide registration guidelines are focused on testing crop species grown singly in pots under greenhouse conditions and may not provide adequate measures of protection to non crop species. It quickly became the most popular of the triazines for its effectiveness against a wide spectrum of weeds in a range of conditions, including in dry soil. It has since become one of the most widely researched herbicides to date. It is chlorinated herbicide and most heavily used worldwide. It has been observed that their long-term, low dose exposure are increasingly linked to human health effects such as immune-suppression, hormone disruption, diminished intelligence, reproductive abnormalities, and cancer. It has been detected in water bodies Chronic fish tests primarily evaluated the potential for reproductive effects and effects on the offspring. This paper is an attempt to review is outlined the possible ill effect created by atrazine usage both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Keywords: Atrazine, Impact, Environment, Toxicity, Health Effect