A review on Spina bifida

P. Bhavana*, C. Madhavi Latha, K. Lavanyalahari, P. Naga shirisha, D. Madhava Teja, Sk. Masheeha baanu
Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur, Nellore, A.P, India

A b s t r a c t
Spina bifida is a common congenital abnormality, which cause significant physical and psychological morbidity in affected children and which also affects their career. This small-scale study looked at the health problem of a child with a myelomeningocoele, is also addresses the psychosocial problem that his mother, his main career faced and the social networks involved in his care. the evidence supporting various aspects of spina bifida prevention and management is explored. Furthermore, a literature review is included with regard to physical and psychological issues for child and career. this study aims to raise awareness of the problem faced by children with myelomeningocoele and their families. in particular we aim to educate health care professionals on the important of perceived stress by career of such children, and suggest ways to reduce psychosocial morbidity. Spina bifida is the most common congenital defect of the central nervous system which can portend lifelong disability to those afflicted. While the complete underpinnings of this disease are yet to be fully understood, there have been great advances in the genetic and molecular underpinnings of this disease. Moreover, the treatment for spina bifida has made great advancements, from surgical closure of the defect after birth to the now state-of-the-art intrauterine repair. This review will touch upon the genetics, embryology, and pathophysiology and conclude with a discussion on current therapy, as well as the first FDA-approved clinical trial utilizing stem cells as treatment for spina bifida.
Keywords: Myelomeningocele, neural tube defects, developmental diseases, embryology, spina bifida