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About author
Joshi A* and Chauhan RS
Institute of Biotechnology, G B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
Patwadangar-263128, Distt. Nainital,Uttarakhand, India
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Tinosporacordifoliais a common medicinal plant used in traditional medicine of India.Traditionally, the plant is being used for the treatment of various diseases. Phytochemical analysis of plant revealed the presenceof alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, total phenols, cardiac glycosides andreducing sugars. Therefore, it had been planned to study its anticancer properties in BHK-21 cells. Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Tinosporacordifoliawere screened for their anticancer properties. The cells were seeded with all the extracts and then allowed to grow for 24hrs, the cell growth was inhibited within 24hrs. The cytopathology included rounding and clumping of cells, detachment of cells, flagging of cells and apoptosis. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts showed better response than that of its methanolic extract. The concentration of 10 mg/ml of methanolic extract inhibited the cell growth with high affinity.
Key words: BHK-21 cells, Tinosporacordifolia, Phytochemical, Cytotoxicity.
Introduction
Tinosporacordifolia, which is known by the common name Guduchi, is an herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae. The plant is a glabrous climbing shrub found throughout India, typically growing in deciduous and dry forests. The leaves are heart shaped. A standardized extract from Tinospora known as Tinofend has been studied clinically. One study in 75 patients with allergic rhinitis (hay fever) showed statistically significant reduction of symptoms compared to placebo (Singh et al., 2003). Tinosporacordifolia and related species such as Tinosporacrispa and TinosporarumphiiBoerlare used in Ayurvedic and Jamu herbal medicine. Recent research has demonstrated that a combination of T. cordifolia and turmeric extractsare effective in reducing the hepatotoxicity which is induced by the combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for treating tuberculosis. Alcoholic extract of the stem shows activity against Escherichia coli. The decoction of the leaves is used for treatment of gout. Its fruit is used in the treatment of jaundice and rheumatism. According to the 1918 United States Dispensatory, the plant has a long history of use in India as a medicine and in the preparation of a starch known as Giloe-ka-sat or as Palo (Badar et al., 2005).Traditionally, the plant has been in use as an anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, jaundice, diabetes, seminal weakness, urinary tract infections, fever, general debility, skin diseases, expectorant, carminative, digestive, anti-stress and aphrodisiac. Piles problem can be controlled by eating this plant mixed with milk or water and thus, preventing the bleeding and constipation. A variety of chemical constituents have been isolated from this plant and their structures have been established. The active ingredients include alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, phenolics, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides (Farooqiet al., 2001).In the present study, an effort has been made to establish the anticancereous as well as phytochemical study of Tinosporacordifolia leaves grown in polyhouse of the institute of Biotechnology.
