A Review on Peptic Ulcer Disease and Its Management

S.L. Shanu^1*, R. Paul McGrath², N. Venkateshan^3
1Department of Pharmacology, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil – 626126.
²Doctor of Pharmacy, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil – 626126.
³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil – 626126.

A B S T R A C T
A peptic ulcer is a mucosal lesion of the stomach or duodenum it is a very prevalent condition, of the general population across the world. The most common etiological causes are the chronic infection with Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) and the use of Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Its diagnosis is based mainly in the endoscopy, histology and serology. The eradication treatment of H.pylori (+) is essential to achieve the final cure of the PUD in chronic infected patients. Several current international guidelines recommend a standard triple therapy as first-line therapy, including a proton pump inhibitor, a combination of amoxicillin and clarithromycin with metronidazole. For the subgroup of patients with H.Pylori – negative ulcers, ceasing of NSAIDs  has a clear influence in the evolution of the disease and in some cases drives to the complete healing of the peptic ulcer. In refractory or recurrent cases, continuous therapy with anti-secretory agents and/or the replacement of conventional NSAIDs by selective drugs for inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are useful treatment options.
Keywords: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology, Physiology of acid secretion, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment.