Effect of Sulfamethoxazole on Lipid Contents in Various Tissues of few Freshwater Fishes

About author
Anand .M and Pandian Prabakaran
Department of Microbiology, Syed Hameedha Arts & Science College, kilakarai, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Freshwater fishes, Channa striatus were exposed to acute dose of sulfamethoxazole one of the cheapest ingredients of sulpha drugs (174.80 ppm) and Channa marulius (136.29 pppm) up to 72 hours and chronic dose to Channa striatus of the same antibiotics (34.96 ppm) and to Channa marulius was (27.25 ppm) up to 2 days. The total lipid content was estimated after 24 and 72 hours of acute treatment and 7, 14 and 21 days of chronic treatment in the intestine, kidney, gills, ovary, testis, liver, muscles of the fishes. After acute and chronic exposure of sulfamethoxazole, C. striatus and C. marulius were showed increase in lipid contents .Ovary showed maximum response due to treatment of sulfamethoxazole. The increase in lipid contents may be due to the lipogenesis occurring in the ovary for production of gametes.
Key words: Channa striatus, Channa striatus, sulfamethoxazole, lipid content.
Introduction
Lipid is the most efficient organic reserves of most of the fishes and other animals (Anderson and Webber, 1977) along with major structural components of the body tissues. It is therefore essential to study the effect of variables on the lipid content. Starvation resulted in a significant decline of the lipid content and a complete depletion of the triglyceride reserve. Impact of pesticides on the lipid content has been studied in the gypsy moth, Mythimna (psedaletia) seperata (Patil, 1986).and in Porthretia dispar (Baumler and salama, 1976). The pesticides are known to inhibit cholinesterase and hydrolases.  Dimilin intoxication increased the lipid content in the larvae of Porthretia dispar­ (Salama et al., 1976).There was observed high lipid contents of the gonad at the time of most active gametogenesis in pismo clam, Tivela stultorum (Geese and Hart, 1967). The major organic reserves, glycogen and lipid, declined in the hepatopancreas of  Scylia serrata(Nagabhushnam and Farooqui, 1982) during the period of reproductive activity while inclined in ovary during the same period. Sulfamethoxazole prevents nucleotide biosynthesis indirectly by depleting the level of intracellular tetrahyrofolate derivatives. It is structural analogue of p-aminobenzoic acid and they competitively inhibit the bacterial biosynthesis of folic acid. At a step in which p- aminobenzoic acid is incorporated into folicacid. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits the reduction of dihyrofolate to terahydrofolate, a reaction catalyzed by dihydrofolate reductase and thus retarding the growth of bacteria.