Quinazoline Derivatives and its Biological Significance–A Review

V. Prabhakar*¹, K. Sudhakar Babu¹, L.K. Ravindranath¹, J. Latha³, K. Hari Nagamaddaiah^{2
1, 2}Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.
³Department of Bio-technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University College of Engineering and Technology, S.K. University, Anantapuramu–515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

A B S T R A C T
Medicinal chemistry is concerned with discovery, development, synthesis in laboratory, thousands of new organic chemicals are prepared annually throughout world; many of them are entered to pharmacological screening for determining their biological activity.  Heterocyclic chemistry is a chemistry involving the heterocyclic compounds, which has atoms of at least two different elements as member of ring.  Heterocyclic chemistry comprises at least half of all organic chemistry research worldwide. Quinazoline is a compound made up of two fused six member simple aromatic rings benzene and pyrimidine ring. It is a yellow coloured compound, found usually in crystalline form. Quinazoline is a building block for approximately 150 naturally occurring alkaloids, such as glycosminine, echinozolinone, deoxyvasicinone, rutaecarpine and drugs like methaqualone isolated to date from a number of families of the plant kingdom, from animals and from microorganisms. According to recent data quinazoline nucleus has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to its well known anticancer activity and many substituted quinazoline derivatives have recently earned great interest in chemotherapy as antitumor drugs. It is also found in clinically useful molecules having diverse biological activities such as antiviral, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, diuretic, hypnotic, hypoglycaemic, antihypertensive, soporific, sedative, tranquilizing, analgesic, antitussive, myorelexant, antirheumatic, antiallergic, bronchodilating, cholagogue, cystatic, spermicidal, antifungal, antiprotozoan, antiinflammatory, antitubercular, CNS depressant, acaricidal, weedicide, and many other functional materials.
Keywords: Quinazoline, Lead molecule, Pharmacophore, Heterocyclic compound, Biological activity, drug